Introduction to Our Topic

The topic allocated was “Devise and Implement the 16 Days of Activism for 2006. Link Your Days with the UNAIDS Theme.” In order to make this topic more accessible to our group, we broke it down into the following components, and focused on what we identified as key issues within those components –

16 Days of Activism -
a) What is the 16 Days of Activism Campaign?
b) When are the 16 Days, and do these dates have any significance?
c) What is it intended to achieve?
d) How can we participate?

UNAIDS theme –
a) What is the theme for this year?
b) What is the link between 16 Days Campaign and UNAIDS? (In addressing this issue we had to determine the link between gender-related violence and HIV/AIDS)
c) How is it significant in South Africa?
d) How do we implement the UNAIDS theme into our campaign?

We will now briefly discuss each of these components and their various issues.

1. 16 Days of Activism –
a) What is the 16 Days of Activism Campaign?
The 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Violence is a global campaign aimed at creating awareness around gender-violence, advocating for its elimination and assisting women who are victims of gender violence. It seeks to hold governments accountable for the promises they have made.
This year’s national theme is ‘Celebrate 16 years of 16 Days: Advance Human Rights and End Violence Against Women’.[1]
It seeks to reflect and celebrate the achievements the Campaign has made in the past, and to use successes as a source of inspiration for present and future efforts.
The theme continues with the core elements of utilizing human rights as a means of ending gender-based violence and is a means of acknowledging that while great triumphs should be celebrated, the fight is by no means over. There is still much to be done before the right to equality is truly realized and violence against women and children is effectively dealt with.

b) When are the 16 Days, and do these dates have any significance?
Participants in the 16 Days of Activism campaign chose the dates November 25th (International Day for No Violence Against Women) and December 10th (International Human Rights Day) to illustrate symbolically the link between gender-based violence and human rights and to illustrate that violence against women is a gross human rights violation[2].

The campaign includes 1st December, which is World AIDS Day. This brings into the campaign the global issue of HIV/AIDS and compels society to address the link between gender-violence and HIV/AIDS. Included in the campaign are dates of remembrance, such as November 29th which is International Women Human Rights Defenders Day and December 6th, which marks the Anniversary of the Montreal Massacre.[3]

c) What is the campaign intended to achieve?
The 16 Days Campaign has been used as a coordinating strategy by individuals and groups to call for the eradication of all forms of violence against women by:
- To create an increased level of awareness amongst South Africans relating to the frequency and occurrence of violence perpetuate against women and children, how it reveals itself within our society and the negative impact that violence has on these vulnerable groups;
- To challenge perpetrators of these offences to change their behaviour;
- To enhance and broaden partnerships between government, the private sector, civil society, organised labour unions, the faith-based organisations and the media (electronic and print) in an effort to spread the message;
- To align events in the national programme with that of the international theme for this year, which focuses on celebrating 16 years of 16 Days of Activism and advancing human rights to end abuse;
- To raise funds for NGOs that work within the sector, providing important support to the victims and survivors of violence;
- To engage actively with men and boys in relation to combating violence in homes, communities and in the workplace; and
- To highlight the stories of survivors of gender-based violence and the impact that the campaign has had on their lives.[4]
d) How can we participate?
As a group we identified the following ways to participate –
Investigate and explore – research the 16 Days of Activism, it’s related issues in order to find out as much as we can, so that we can effectively plan and implement our various strategies;
Educate and Inform – create awareness about the 16 Days – this is being done by:
- publishing information in community newspapers, online newspapers, forum discussions;
- distributing information packages, flyers and posters, badges, stickers;
- sharing information on our website; and
- participating in the Red and White Ribbon Campaign.
Act and contribute – by assisting organizations that help abused women and children – this is being done by
- Collecting items to assist these organizations (food, clothing, toiletries etc)
- Raising funds for these organisations
Share, participate and commemorate – our findings, reports, pamphlets, posters and various other campaign materials were submitted to the Centre for Women’s Global Leadership[5] to form part of this year’s international campaign, and to be added to the International Archives so that it forms part of the resource pool that can be used for other individuals or organizations in their research and implementation of similar endeavours.

2. UNAIDS theme –
a) What is the theme for this year?
The UNAIDS theme is ‘Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise’, this is in relation to the promises that government has made in order to combat the AIDS pandemic. It focuses on government accountability.
In relation to individuals, the theme is ‘Stop Aids. Make the Promise’[6]. This involves making the pledge to know one’s status, practice safer sex and thus assisting in halting the spread of HIV/AIDS.

b) What is the link between 16 Days Campaign and UNAIDS? (In addressing this issue we had to determine the link between gender-related violence and HIV/AIDS)
“Sexual violence against women by intimate partners in the home or by strangers…increases women’s vulnerability to HIV infection and further violence. Effective intervention strategies can be developed by recognizing and analyzing the interplay between gender inequality, violence and the HIV pandemic.”[7]

The above quotation is illustrative of the four main reasons[8] why violence against women and HIV/AIDS overlap, increasing female vulnerability:
1. Coercive sex can cause injuries and bleeding that can lead directly to a higher risk of HIV infection for women. More often than not, this type of sex, including rape, takes place without the use of condoms, and women are unlikely to be able to negotiate condom usage in these incidents
2.Abusive relationships represent an on-going threat to women – again it is difficult for women to negotiate condom usage and safer sex practices within violent relationships. It is also difficult for them to leave such relationships, which places them in a position of on-going risk of being infected with the virus.
3.Research indicates that women who have been abused as children are more likely to engage in high-risk sex practices such as having multiple partners, and engaging in sexual encounters while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, in which circumstances condom-usage is unlikely.
4.Women who know their HIV status or who are perceived to be living with HIV may be at risk of retaliatory violence, rejection from partners and their community.

c) How is it significant in South Africa?
The link between domestic violence (violence against women and children) is a significant problem that needs addressing, because of the cultural, social and economic circumstances that create an environment[9] conducive to the perpetuation of abuse, making women and girls more vulnerable to HIV infection than their male counterparts. South Africa has one of the most severe HIV/AIDS epidemics, one that is fueled by violence against women and girls. 15-24 year old females[10] account for half of new HIV infections worldwide; more than 6 000 contract the virus each day. Young women constitute the greatest number of HIV infected persons and with as many as one rape every occurring 26 seconds, coupled with the myth that having sex with a virgin is a cure for HIV/AIDS[11], the need for a link between a campaign opposing violence against women and children and a campaign fighting the spread of AIDS is clear.


d) How do we implement the UNAIDS theme into our campaign?
We implemented the UNAIDS theme into our campaign in the following ways:
addressing the link between violence against women and girls and the spread of HIV/AIDS;
Making World AIDS Day, celebrated on the 1st of December annually, an integral date in our Days and including the Red Ribbon in our Red and White Ribbon Campaign;
Educating people using the resources available to us, this being print media in the form of pamphlets, posters and our Action and Advocacy packages and information technology by utilizing our Campaign Blog, online forums, encyclopedias and newspapers.

In light of the abovementioned statistics relating to women between the ages of 15 and 24 being the most vulnerable, we decided to target our campaign at that age group, most of which we could approach and create contact with on campus. In essence, we created a campus-wide campaign plan, but broadened it in the sense that there were components of our campaign that could be accessed off-campus and across borders.


References:
[1] Centre for Global Women’s Leadership [WWW] “2006 Theme Annoucement” http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu/16days/kit06/theme.html Accessed 25 October 2006.
[2] Author Unknown. [WWW] “ About the 16 Days”,http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu/16days/about.html Accessed 26 October 2006.
[3] For more information on the 16 Days, refer to our calendar, which is presented in the Annexures section.
[4]Centre for Women’s Global Leadership. [WWW] “About the 16 Days” http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu/16days/about.html Accessed 16 October 2006.
[5] http://www.cwgl.rutgers.edu
[6] http://worldaidscampaign.info/index.php/wac/wac
[7] Dr. Yakin Ertürk, UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.
[8] Gender Links [WWW]“Gender Violence and HIV/AIDS. Unite against Gender Violence and HIV Aids. PEP is a right, not just a talk” http://www.genderlinks.org.za/docs/sixteendocs/fact%20sheet%208_violence%20and%20HIV.pdf accessed 21 October 2006.
[9] For a more in-depth discussion of this topic and others, see Findings at pg ??
[10] Gender Links [WWW] “Young Women, Violence and HIV/AIDS. Shame on Sugar Daddies”, http://www.genderlinks.org.za/docs/sixteendocs/fact%20sheet%209_young%20women.pdf, Accessed 22 October.
[11] Global Aids Alliance [WWW] “ZERO TOLERANCE: Stop the Violence Against Women and Children, Stop HIV/AIDS” http://allafrica.com/sustainable/resources/view/00011043.pdf Accessed 10 October 2006.

The Red and White Ribbon Campaign

[Please click on the image to enlarge it and read about the Ribbon Campaign]

For students at UKZN, Howard College, ribbons can be collected from the Campus Law Clinic. Situated in Room 49, Howard College building.

For those outside campus...show your support and commitment and make/buy your own red and white ribbons and participate in the Red and White Ribbon Campaign.

Lessons We Learnt from this Project

Fiona:
“One of the lessons learnt was that society’s knowledge regarding the 16 Days of Activism and its content is extremely limited but by creating awareness via media advocacy (posters, articles and pamphlets as we have done) this could be easily combated. I learnt how to convey a large amount of relevant information in very simple, but effective ways.

We also learnt the power of the spoken word, the action and the value of symbols, which all culminated in assisting organizations that help abused or HIV positive women and children and which was represented by the red and white ribbons. Silence truly is violence, and in order to act against abuse, we need to speak out and share our stories as victims and survivors of abuse, in order to remove the stigma related to rape and AIDS and in order to help those who have undergone similar experiences.”

Hayden:
“I learned that a lot can be done if people worked together. Taking our group as a reference point, I saw how a few people could come together and with the right attitude and willingness to achieve a goal, can help a number of people improve their lives.

I saw the dedication of people in the group and the work that they produced, and if we could get all South Africans to work together the way that the group did, it would certainly go a long way towards eradicating abuse. It all boils down to commitment, enthusiasm, dedication, persistence and hard work.”


Jennashree:
“The greatest lesson that I had learnt throughout this project was the fact that women abuse is the greatest scourge that is devouring South Africa. It is the worst form of violation that any woman experiences and the process toward receiving help is just as traumatic. Many women are not aware of their rights and are of the belief that the justice system cannot do much for them.

Further it must be noted that while conducting research it was found that although equality is attempted to be realised – it actually has not. Society is still in transition to reaching this ideal. Women abuse stretches across race, class, culture, religion and is the one destroyer of all equality that has been achieved and fought for thus far…

In short, more needs to be done to educate women and children about their rights, and how to access and enforce these rights. Although we have attempted to do this, it was limited by the fact that we were conducting a campaign mainly targeted at students and lecturers at Howard College. We learned how to draw inspiration from each other as women, and how to take a man’s perspective into account in dealing with such sensitive topics as gender-violence, child abuse and HIV/AIDS.”

Leander:
“Regardless of the implementation of the South African Constitution that contains a Bill of Rights which promotes equality, human dignity and freedom, there are still numerous woman and children being subjected to abuse. This is due to the fact that most woman and children fear seeking help because society does not want to talk about violence against woman and children. Our group and many organisations have tried to draw awareness to violence against woman and children especially during the 16 days of activism however; it is up to society to continue promoting 16 days of activism not only during the 16 days but all year through. I’ve learnt that attention cannot only be paid to the issues of violence against women and AIDS on their respective International Days and during the 16 Days of Activism, but rather, in order for there to be significant, tangible change, it must be 365 Days of Activism.”

Vishanta:
“I learnt the following lessons:
To co-ordinate and co-operate;
Time management;
How to harness resources effectively and efficiently; and
How to exploit the strengths of others in a positive way.
I also learnt that we cannot rely on the private business sector to make contributions and assist us in raising funds or creating awareness, that if we want something done properly, we must do it ourselves.”

Tamaryn:
“The proverb ‘change is in your hands’ really hit home with this project. We were given the opportunity to contribute to towards the transformation of our society into one where gender equality and mutual respect can be a reality. I began to understand that we could do this by creating awareness, providing relief to those in need, and using our position as students, where we have access to a large number of educational resources and information technology as well as contact with a wide variety of people, in order to get our message across.

I also learnt that the only restrictions and limitations with a project like this are those that you place on yourself. In order to achieve what you have set out to do, it requires belief in yourself, belief in your peers and perseverance and as much confidence as you can manage. Practically, if you have a broad set of objectives I learnt to break it down into numerous smaller components and tasks, which can be undertaken and completed and which accumulate to form something, in this case, that outgrew even my high expectations.”

Manyano:
“I’ve learnt that while it is important to be able to work in a group and co-ordinate efforts, it is also important to have a so-called ‘Plan B’ and in some instances even a ‘Plan C’. When working with such a large group, and when having to place reliance on people outside the group, consider all eventualities and plan for all possible things that could go wrong. That way, when something does go wrong, instead of panicking, we can just calmly implement the back-up plan.

I’ve also learnt that in the face of such challenges, we discover aspects of ourselves that we did not know were possible, we learn to think laterally and to work our way around problems with what we have.”

Suhema:
“I’ve learnt the importance of staying focused. With such a broad topic it was easy to get carried away and focus on only one aspect, but by clearly stating our goals and objectives, and constantly referring back to them when we thought we were getting side-tracked, this helped to keep us in focus.

It also stimulated and encouraged us to work harder by having the Meeting Reports and by meeting and reporting back to the group and then reporting to our Project Supervisor. This combination proved an effective set of checks and balances to ensure that contributions were evenly made and that effort did not go unnoticed.”

Kerona:
“I learnt the lesson that while some inter-group competition (meaning, competition between groups) is healthy and motivates us to work harder, it is important not to get involved in inter-group politics, and not to get involved in other groups’ arguments, or listen to gossip. The most important thing to stay focused on is our project and to remain true to our beliefs and principles.

I also learnt that setbacks can be overcome, and that disappointments are to be expected, and that every challenge provides us with an opportunity to pull together as a team and work out a solution. The advantage of working in a group is that when one person becomes de-motivated because of a set back, there are others around to encourage that person, and to inspire them and the rest of the group”

Take this Quiz

http://www.thebody.com/surveys/sexsurvey.html

This quiz asks a series of questions and identifies behaviour that places you at risk of being exposed to the virus.

It offers advice on how to change this behaviour to reduce your chances of exposure.

It is completely anonymous and is being used for research purposes, so take 2 mins of your time and fill it out!!

Challenges and Successes

The group identified the following as being challenges in devising and implementing our assignment, and formulated the following strategies to overcome them -

1. Defining our focus and limiting our ideas –
It was difficult for us to define exactly what we wished to achieve and the methods whereby we would do this. This difficulty was encountered as a result of the broad nature of the topic, and the variety of ideas presented by the group. We had to limit ourselves in line with financial and time constraints. Although we managed to raise a substantial amount of money, we then had to decide how to utilize it in a way that would achieve our objectives as cost-effectively and efficiently as possible.

We thus chose to use it to do the following –
- Purchase food, toiletries and other items needed by a number of organizations that assist abused women and children;
- Implement our awareness campaign by buying or making the following –
Posters, flyers, leaflets;

• Badges, T shirts;
• Our Awareness and Advocacy Packages;
• A 16 Days of Activism Mural (situated outside Student’s Union Building)
  - Putting together and finalizing our written and oral presentation and all the materials needed in that respect.

2. Co-ordination and working in a large group -
This proved to be very taxing, as having members from both groups in our year meant that there were many timetable clashes, and not all members were free at the same time. It was difficult to meet up and delegate work and supervise progress of work.

To combat this challenge we drew up Meeting Schedules and Progress Reportswhich dealt with the following –

- Each person’s individual tasks for the week, and progress made and steps to still be taken.
- All other member’s tasks, current progress and further steps to be taken. This was to ensure that everyone in the group knew what all the other members were doing and could check up on each other’s progress and offer assistance where needed.
- A record of items discussed at meetings, so that we could draw further ideas and inspirations and keep a record of the development of our Campaign Plan and our objectives;
- A register of attendance, so that we could keep track of and identify those individuals that needed to be encouraged to work harder, in order to prevent anyone from being inactive and to avoid conflicts over the amount of work being done by individuals. The register also served to identify those persons who made a contribution over and above what was expected. A register also compelled members to attend meetings, failing which they had to excuse themselves beforehand and apologise to the group. It also stated the time, date and place of future meetings – so there could be no confusion in that respect and to avoid wasting time searching for venues and group members.

3. Encouraging people on campus to contribute to our campaign -
At first, we thought to put out posters and email all students and staff with a list of requirements, informing them that they could drop them off at Collection Points around campus, but this proved to be ineffective, although people noticed our posters, emailed in asking where they could drop stuff off, but then the following happened –
- Boxes were stolen or thrown away at the collection points;
- People weren’t interested in making a contribution, or it was too much of a hassle to bring bags of clothing or canned food in to campus to drop off;
- Students at the Westville campus Law Clinic used our posters and our publicity from the emails, collected our contributions and then used them for their own purposes. We had confirmation that they used our posters from Professor Vawda, who remarked that he had seen our poster on Westville campus while lecturing there.

So we dealt with the above-mentioned setbacks by raising funds ourselves in order to purchase what we had hoped students would contribute. We raised these funds in the following ways –
- Soliciting contributions from the lecturers on Campus.This proved to be very effective, and we raised a large portion of our funds in this way;
- Having a cake sale. Although we were at first opposed to this idea, it was relatively easy to organize, execute and raised a fair amount of money.
- Selling our Red and White Ribbons. This raised about a quarter of our total sum, and served a two-fold purpose. Firstly, raising funds, and secondly promoting awareness of our cause and about the 16 Days of Activism in general.
- An intra-group donation scheme was set up, whereby we each contributed money, materials or time and skills as we were each able to. This also proved to be very profitable, and showed our group’s willingness to reach into their own pockets for our cause.
- Emailing various companies, corporations and organizations requesting donations and contributions, and although we received many refusal e-mails in return we did manage to receive a donation from Pick ‘n Pay. Although Lil-Lets was willing to donate a number of sanitary products, it proved too difficult to organize the delivery in time for our presentation.
- Our personal contacts were utilised to their full extent, in this respect we achieved the following –

• Tamaryn made use of her contact, Phil Botha of Flatline Productions, to paint a mural on campus publicizing the 16 Days of Activism, and outlining the important dates;
• Fiona’s father owns a wholesale store, from which we received a number of generous donations;
• Terrence and Sarah of Delta Communications sponsored all our printing, copying and stationery requirements for the awareness portion of our campaign, and also the costs of printing and binding our written presentation and various other materials;
• Tony Miller of Tony Miller Promotions produced our Campaign badges for us at a discounted price; and assisted us in organizing our campaign T shirts.
  
  We thus suprised ourselves by turning our challenges into successes.
  
  

A Look at HIV/AIDS Awareness Adverts Around the World

Round II of Worldwide AIDS Awareness Ads

Round III - AIDS Awareness Advertising

Speak Out

In line with the theme of 'speaking out' we'd like to know your answers to any of the following: (your responses can be anonymous if you wish)

1. How has gender violence affected you personally?

2. What do you think about the 16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against Women and Children?

3. Have you been tested for HIV?

4.Is there anything you're doing personally to raise awareness about HIV and/or gender violence?

To enter your response click the 'comment' button below.

Thank you for your contribution.

And remember, by keeping the silence, you're continuing the violence...

How To Get a Protection Order

WHAT DOES DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INCLUDE?
The Domestic Violence Act lists different kinds of domestic violence, including:

• physical violence,
• emotional abuse,
• economic abuse,
• sexual abuse,
• harassment, and
• threats of violence and abuse.

You can get a protection order to stop any of these kinds of domestic violence from happening to you. Remember: a protection order is a special kind of interdict or court order to protect you in domestic violence cases.

HOW DO YOU GET A PROTECTION ORDER? GUIDELINES:

Steps for getting a protection order:

1.Going to the nearest court
You can get a protection order from either your nearest Magistrate’s Court or the High Court. For most women, it will be easier to go to the Magistrates’ Court because there are many more of these courts.

You can go to the nearest court to the place where you live or work, or where the abuse took place.

2.Filling in forms
The Clerk of the Court at the Magistrate’s Court (or the Registrar at the High Court) must help you to fill in the right forms and also explain how to get the protection order. You can also take someone with you who can help you to fill in the forms, like a friend or a counsellor. You should also take any evidence of the abuse with you, like a doctor’s note, which records your injuries.

3.The forms go to court
Once you have filled in all the correct forms, the Clerk of the Court will take them to the court.

4.Giving evidence
The court may ask you to give oral evidence (say what happened to you). Although the abuser may be present, he cannot question you directly - only his lawyer, if he has one, may ask you questions.

5.Interim protection order
If the court is satisfied that it seems that you are being abused, it can give an interim (temporary) protection order to stop the abuser’s behaviour – for example: the abuser can be banned from coming to your home. The court will also give a date for you and the abuser to come back to court.

6.Suspended warrant of arrest
When the court gives the order, it will also grant a warrant of arrest for the abuser. The warrant of arrest is suspended (not yet in force), but can come into force if the abuser commits another act of domestic violence.

7.The court decides
You will have to go back to court on the date written in the interim protection order. On that day, the court reads the evidence in your and the abuser’s affidavits. It can also listen to oral evidence.

Then, depending on whether the court believes that you are being abused or not, the court can:

• Make a final (permanent) protection order, or
• Set aside (cancel) the interim protection order.
  

8.Final protection order
If the court is satisfied, it will make a final protection order for you. Again, it will also order a suspended warrant of arrest for the abuser. If the abuser commits an act of domestic violence again, the police can arrest the abuser.

GOING TO THE POLICE
Many women who have tried to report domestic violence to the police have had bad experiences with police officers telling them that domestic violence is a private affair. The Domestic Violence Act now says police must help women – they may not turn women away without giving them help.

GUIDELINES
What the police must do to help you:
•Give you information about how to get a protection order.

•Take you and your children to a place of safety, including a shelter, or a friend or family member’s house.

•Take you and your children to a doctor if you need medical help.

•Help you make a criminal charge against the abuser if you want to do this.

Taken from - http://alp.org.za/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=179

ISSUE: What are the various stages of HIV?

General Information:

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, or AIDS, is a disease that is caused by a virus. The virus that causes AIDS is Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV). HIV attacks the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against infections.

People with AIDS become ill, when the immune system is too weak (immune - compromised) to fight off other infections.

Symptoms and Health Effects:

"HIV-positive" refers to people that are infected with HIV. There are generally no symptoms of HIV infection.

Once the immune system becomes damaged, the individual is likely to experience weight loss, persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, and flu-like symptoms. As the individual's immune/defense system becomes less able to ward off diseases, the infected person will likely to come down with pneumonias, intestinal disorders, and fungal infections.

These so-called "opportunistic infections" can be treated with medication. An HIV-positive person is given a diagnosis of "AIDS" after developing an opportunistic infection. Mode of

Transmission:

HIV is a blood borne disease. This means that HIV lives in blood and it can also live in any body fluid that contains blood. These include semen from men, and all vaginal/cervical fluids from women.

The virus is also found in internal body fluids that surround the heart, the lungs, and bone joints (like the shoulder and elbows), as well as spinal fluid. HIV is NOT normally found in urine, feces, or saliva. However, because of injury or illness, some of these substances may be contaminated with blood.

HIV is spread when infected blood, semen, vaginal/cervical fluid or other infectious materials pass into another person's body. The virus is most often spread through unprotected sexual activity with an infected man or woman, or by drug users sharing contaminated needles.

Who is at risk?:

The workers with the greatest risk of becoming infected at work are those with jobs that involve routine exposure to blood, and other body fluids. Healthcare workers can be exposed to HIV from needle-sticks and cuts and nicks caused by sharp objects.

Infection can also occur if workers have contact with blood or infectious body fluids through broken, cut or torn skin. There is a risk of infection if workers are splashed with blood or other body fluids that make contact with naturally wet skin in the eyes, nose, or mouth.

Corrections staff, law enforcement, and public safety workers such as emergency medical personnel are at risk through exposure to blood or fluids infected with blood.

Preventive Measures:

It would be misleading to say that there are ways a person who is HIV-positive can be sure of avoiding these diseases; no such promise can be made.

But if you are HIV-positive, there are steps you can take that may help.

Some are sensible precautions everyone interested in preserving and improving health should take; others are more special:

• 
  
  Eat a well-balanced diet: good nutrition plays an important part in resisting disease· Exercise in moderation, to the extent that you can·


• 
  
  Be vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia, as well as against viral influenza, which can sometimes lead to pneumonia. (Public-health authorities recommend that children with AIDS or positive HIV tests should receive all the standard childhood vaccines, except that they should be given injected polio vaccine instead of the oral type.)


• 
  
  Faithfully follow any medical advice you have received, whether for treatment or for disease prevention. If you have questions about medications or other matters, ask your doctor.

What are the different stages of HIV?:

HIV causes disease by the progressive destruction of the immune cells which it infects. These are the CD4 cells which are central to maintaining and measuring a healthy immune system. Without a strong immune system, we become vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers which normally we could fight off easily.

We call these infections ‘opportunistic’ because HIV gives these germs an opportunity to cause disease.

The 5 stages of HIV disease:

1.Primary HIV infection

2.The asymptomatic or ‘silent’ stage

3.Early HIV symptomatic disease

4.Medium-stage HIV symptomatic disease

5.Late-stage HIV symptomatic disease (AIDS).

PRIMARY HIV INFECTION
This happens within a few weeks of HIV infection and is the time when people sero-convert on their blood test for HIV – in other words, change from being HIV negative to HIV positive.
About half of people infected will develop a flu-like illness with fever, sore throat, swollen glands, headache, muscle aches and sometimes a rash. This stage of HIV disease lasts only a week or two – after this, you return to feeling and looking completely well.

THE ASYMPTOMATIC OR ‘SILENT’ STAGE
After recovery from the primary HIV illness, people infected with HIV continue to be completely well for long periods, often for many years. During this time, the only indication that you are infected with HIV is that you will test positive on standard HIV tests and you may have swollen lymph glands.

This means that you look and feel healthy and can easily infect other people through unprotected sex – especially if you do not know that you are infected.
But HIV is still very active and is continuing to destroy the immune system at this stage.

EARLY HIV SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE
Several years after infection, some people will begin to show mild symptoms of HIV disease. These can include:
Shingles
Swollen lymph glands
Occasional fevers
Mild skin irritations and rashes
Fungal skin and nail infections
Mouth ulcers
Chest infections
Weight loss.

MEDIUM-STAGE HIV SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE
This stage of HIV disease was once known as ‘AIDS-related complex’. This is when people with HIV can become quite ill without developing the ‘AIDS-defining illnesses’. Typical problems include:
Tuberculosis
Recurrent oral or vaginal thrush (a fungal rash or spots)
Recurrent herpes blisters on the mouth (‘cold sores’) or genitals
Ongoing fevers
Persistent diarrhoea
Significant weight loss (more than 10%).

LATE-STAGE HIV DISEASE (AIDS)
Without effective treatment, the long-term damage caused to the immune system by HIV results in severe opportunistic infections, cancers and HIV-related damage to other organs (eg the brain). This stage is usually called ‘AIDS’.
People with severe HIV disease can experience many illnesses at the same time. Many of these infections can be prevented with antibiotic treatment if you test and become aware of your HIV status at an earlier stage. These AIDS-defining illnesses include:
Severe diarrhoea
Severe weight loss
Severe pneumonia
Brain infections
Confusion and memory loss
Severe skin rashes
Pain and difficulty swallowing.

Summary of the stages of HIV:

PRIMARY HIV INFECTION: Flu-like illness HIV test becomes positive
SILENT STAGE:People look and feel healthy. Swollen lymph glands.HIV still active
EARLY HIV SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE: Shingles; occasional fevers; mild skin irritations and rashes; weight loss.
MEDIUM-STAGE HIV SYMPTOMATIC DISEASE:Tuberculosis, oral or vaginal thrush;‘cold sores’ or genital herpes; ongoing fevers; diarrhoea and weight loss.
LATE-STAGE HIV DISEASE (USUALLY CALLED AIDS)Severe diarrhoea.Severe weight loss. Severe pneumonia. Brain infections. Confusion and memory loss. Severe skin rashes. Pain and difficulty swallowing.

References -

http://www.kalrahospital.net/aids-awareness.html

http://www.alp.org.za/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=14

Awareness is Key

Violence against women and children is rife in South Africa, despite the constitutional recognition of gender equality as the foundation of South Africa’s democracy.

Recognising the need to create greater awareness to the issues of violence, abuse, and HIV/AIDS. South Africa has for the past 9 years participated in the global 16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence Campaign. The history behind the chosen dates of 25 November to 10 December is that the period incorporates several significant events, including, International Day Against Violence Against Women, World Aids Day and International Human Rights Day.

The campaign aims to generate awareness on the negative impact of violence on the development of women and children. In addition, the campaign seeks to include men in the eradication process and to educate victims and survivors on how to access legislative services and other mechanisms to ameliorate the impact of violence on their lives. There is a call on communities to raise funds for NGO’s and community-based organisation’s working with survivor’s and victims of violence.

Violence and abuse may take several forms including rape, child abuse, sexual harassment, emotional and physical abuse amongst others. Instead of becoming a victim, we give you the option to fight back. Relief can be sought via the Domestic Violence Act (protection order), contacting the place or abuse helpline or even a crisis centre or obtaining legal assistance.

Given the vulnerability of children in our society, neighbours , teachers and community members are urged to report their suspicions of child abuse or neglect. Action must be taken by contacting the authorities, filing which you will incur criminal liability.

The gender dynamics leave women in a position of being susceptible to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, as such UNAIDS remains a theme under the campaign. You are encouraged to protect yourself against infection by following the ABC’s of abstain, be safe and condomise, you should also get tested and if necessary get treatment. UNAIDS says “Stop AIDS. Keep the Promise” and commits to demanding government enforce their policy commitments related to HIV/AIDS.

Get your red ribbon for HIV/AIDS and your white ribbon for non-violence, symbolising your commitment to protecting women and children.

Poetry

Woman, what are you worth?

By David Kapp

What are you worth,unemployed woman
in the townships?
in the kitchen?
in the office?
in the bedroom?



Are you worth less, in pink,
than the boys, in blue?
Are you worth more or less than your
blue-eyed and blonde compatriots,
worth less or more than your straight-haired and sharp-nosed counterparts?
(and what about your model-shaped colleagues?)



What are you worth,
sex worker in the streets?
sex worker in the kitchen?
sex worker in the office?
sex worker in the bedroom?



Are you worth more thana priest or politician in a 4X4?
a TV presenter?
a glossy magazine editor?
the machinist in the factory?


What are you worth,
unemployed woman?

Woman, what is your value,
to yourself?
your community?
to society?



Woman, how many special days
do you need?
A Mother’s Day?
A National Women’s Day?
An International Women’s Day?



16 days of activism?
How many more days do we need,
Women, Men and Children?



______________________________________________



How Many Women

How many women, like us
Girls forever, like you
sit up in the night
feel the weight of darkness
like the pressure of him
always crushing us
gripping my breath
stealing your life
How many women like us
feel the sickness
when he comes too close
the clenching, empty nausea
if I hear his breath
if you fall under the grinding memory
him, he, his, every man
an unwitting predator
How many women like us
Girls forever, like you
Await attack like nervous deer
forced to graze among smiling wolves

~Anonymous Submission

Important Dates

November 25
International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women.
For more information.

December 1
World AIDS Day. This day was first observed in 1988.
For more information: UNAIDS

December 6
Anniversary of the Montreal Massacre. On this day in 1989 14 women were murdered at the University of Montreal's School of Engineering for being "feminists". Marc Lepine, the murderer, blamed women students for his non-admission to the engineering school. The Canadian government declared December the 6th the National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence Against Women.

Click here for more information.

December 3
International Day of Disabled Persons. This Day was initially proclaimed to commemorate the anniversary of the General Assembly's adoption of the World Programme of Action concerning Persons with Disabilities to promote understanding about disability issues and to increase awareness of gains from the integration of disabled persons in every aspect of political, social economic and cultural life. Observance of the Day should include monitoring of the implementation of recommendations agreed upon by the community of persons with disabilities and others concerned.. more

December 10
International Human Rights Day. On this day people around the world celebrate the adoption in 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - which states the right of all people to "life, liberty and the security of person.. without distinction of any kind".

For more on the Declaration, click here.

For more about the day, click here

Introduction to 16 Days

Violence against women is traumatic to the body, mind and spirit and can prevent women from participating to the full extent of their potential in the workplace and at home, and in society in general.

16 days of Activism For No Violence Against Women and Children emphasizes the connection between women's rights, violence against women and women's health and the detrimental consequences vioence against women has on the well-being of the world as a whole.

We are a group of students at the University of Kwazulu-Natal, involved in the Clinical Law programme - and our assignment is

"Devise and Implement the 16 Days of Activism Campaign for 2006. Link your days to the UNAIDS theme"

This blog will provide further information, and will track our progress...